This is not a problem restricted to the Philippines. Because the capacity of the generator is limited, less than what’s available from the utility company, we check to see that high consumption circuits (mostly air conditioning) are not on when we start the generator. The reason that one of the power wires is named “neutral” is because it is connected directly to the building ground connection at the circuit breaker panel. After the generator is running, we have used one of our air conditioners powered by the generator without a problem. Our theory is that a thin layer of grease from the kitchen went up through the recessed fixtures and coated the wires. Equipment used to protect service-entrance conductors shall meet the requirements of Part 4.90.2. It first goes to a switch allowing the panel box to be supplied by the electrical utility or, in the event of a power failure, by a backup generator. NFPA 1078, Standard for Electrical Inspector Professional Qualifications. It is important to note that with this type of wiring, there are multiple phases in place, each of which will get its own color wire to make it clear what it is for those working on it. FPN: See Table 3.10.1.67 through Table 3.10.1.86 for ampacities of conductors rated 2001 volts and above. The vertical clearance of final spans above, or within 900 mm measured horizontally of, platforms, projections, or surfaces from which they might be reached shall be maintained in accordance with 2.30.2.3(b). Service heads and goosenecks in service-entrance cables shall be located above the point of attachment of the service-drop conductors to the building or other structure. Please feel free to offer comments, suggestions and corrections. For a one-family dwelling, the service disconnecting means shall have a rating of not less than 100 amperes, 3-wire. The cheaper outlets do not seem to be the same quality but less expensive. Service-entrance conductors entering or on the exterior of buildings or other structures shall be insulated. The quality of electrical parts on offer is generally poor. We should have used larger conduit. If you go to an electrical supply outfit which caters to electricians, you find a wider range of products with better quality and lower prices. Circuit breakers protect circuits, GFI devices are designed to sense faults and trip fast enough to prevent fatal shocks. Where the service disconnecting means does not disconnect the grounded conductor from the premises wiring, other means shall be provided for this purpose in the service equipment. Otherwise the metal parts of an appliance may be connected to a hot wire rather than a neutral. Academic year. The ampacity of the service-entrance conductors before the application of any adjustment or correction factors shall not be less than either (a)(1) or (a)(2). We paid about P17 per meter for this cable at Western Lamp, an electrical supply house in Iloilo City. Conduit will be imbedded in concrete floor. A 12-3 Romex will have a black (hot), red (hot), white (neutral), and bare copper. We decided we were not so smart after all. Means shall be provided to disconnect all conductors in a building or other structure from the service-entrance conductors. READ PAPER. We suspect that a very small percentage of these are ever connected. While the authors have used good faith and efforts to ensure that the information and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the authors disclaim all responsibility for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on this work. Conductors shall have sufficient ampacity to carry the current for the load as calculated in accordance with Article 2.20 and shall have adequate mechanical strength. 2.30.1.3 One Building or Other Structure Not to Be Supplied Through Another. Visitors must keep in mind that the Philippines uses the same style of wall outlets as you see in America, but that the outlet is supplying 240 V, not 120 V.  Plugging a 120 V appliance into a 240 V outlet will generally destroy the appliance. The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a regionally adoptable standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the United States.It is part of the National Fire Code series published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), a private trade association. Electrical wire sizes & gauges: These Tables of Electrical Service Entry Cable Sizes, Electrical Circuit Wire Diameters, Circuit Ampacity, Allowable Voltage Drop, & Wire Size Increase based on Run Length assist in determining the electrical service size or other required electrical wire sizes at buildings. Where energized parts are guarded as provided in 1.10.2.2(a)(1) and (a)(2), a means for locking or sealing doors providing access to energized parts shall be provided. Exception No. Wage rates are negotiable and far more reasonable than in your home country. 2.30.6.11 Combined Rating of Disconnects. B. LEGEND AND SYMBOLS. Each service disconnect shall simultaneously disconnect all ungrounded service conductors that it controls from the premises wiring system. See comments below why some feel rebar does not make a good protective ground. cause the service disconnect to open all ungrounded conductors of the faulted circuit. Each service drop or lateral shall supply only one set of service-entrance conductors. When you touch them with bare feet on a tile, you become the ground. Where fuses are of the type that can be operated as a disconnecting switch, a set of such fuses shall be permitted as the isolating switch. Service cables, where subject to physical damage, shall be protected by any of the following: Individual open conductors and cables other than service cables shall not be installed within 3 000 mm of grade level or where exposed to physical damage. Wiring your Philippine house. The Philippines is divided into three electrical grids, one each for Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao. The wide arc conduit elbows must be used. This rebar leads underground to a mass of rebar in the base of the footer and ultimately to all of the rebar and concrete of the house. I have a Leviton brand made in USA outlet I brought with me that has rusty terminal screws. Since we found that single pole breakers were not available for our plug-in panel box, we looked at double pole breakers and they seemed to be two single pole breakers tied together. Where the service disconnecting means consists of more than one switch or circuit breaker, as permitted by 2.30.6.2, the combined ratings of all the switches or circuit breakers used shall not be less than the rating required by 2.30.6.10. When embedded in the floor or block walls, the conduit is 25mm rigid plastic. The Philippine electricians we have met have been quite professional. This works fine except that you have to carefully check the polarity of your circuits to be sure the neutral wires always connect with the neutral bus. (a) Conductor Size. Boxes are plastic with brass inserts for the mounting screws. It serves only to limit damage to conductors and equipment on the load side in the event of an arcing ground fault on the load side of the protective element. Conductors shall have a vertical clearance of not less than 2 400 mm above the roof surface. These 120 V outlets are seen in hotels, some condos and other places which expect American visitors. In the Philippines, metric sizing is replacing the AWG (American Wire Gauge) system. There are two main types of residential electrical service in the Philippines. Where fused switches or separately mounted fuses are installed, the fuse characteristics shall be permitted to contribute to the fault-closing rating of the disconnecting means. That’s because few houses have grounded outlets. It does not take long for the prong to start corroding. NFPA 111, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems. We found that only one side of our double pole breaker provide short circuit protection. We decided to use single-pole breakers. This is not impossible as many utility transformers are recycled from the U.S., but it is expensive and in our view the 230 V systems are better unless the homeowner ships expensive appliances from the U.S. The service disconnecting means shall plainly indicate whether it is in the open or closed position. There are no electrical conduit tees. The grounded conductor shall not be less than the minimum size as required by 2.50.2.5(c). Our outdoor security lights can also be controlled by this Panasonic timer switch which is wired into our panel box. If we had used 20amp breakers, our circuits would have a capacity of 4,600. In essence, then, two of the three wires at the wall receptacle are actually grounded wires, one being used for power flow, and the other connected only to exposed metal parts on the equipment. These should work fine on a panel box made for them but, as we have said, we have decided to follow local wiring customs after our earlier misadventure and given the fact that we had already installed a plug-in type panel box. You’ll be required to have one before you get your building permit,  but, in any case, you’ll want a plan. PEC Based Electrical Wiring Design Simulator FOR Commercial Units. (For industrial machinery, see industrial and multiphase power plugs and sockets. Starting from scratch, we feel the best option for the 230V two-wire systems is a good bolt-on panel box using genuine GE single-pole bolt-on breakers. No overcurrent device shall be inserted in a grounded service conductor except a circuit breaker that simultaneously opens all conductors of the circuit. First, some background. 2: The ground-fault protection provisions of this section shall not apply to fire pumps. All of these shown are overstuffed with wires, not an ideal situation. Exception: Conductors other than service-entrance conductors shall be permitted to be installed in a cable tray with service-entrance conductors, provided a solid fixed barrier of a material compatible with the cable tray is installed to separate the service-entrance conductors from other conductors installed in the cable tray. copper or 14 mm 2 … Since bare feet on tile are a pleasure of Philippine retirement, this is best avoided. 20. What is the point on spending more to install double pole breakers? A FIELD GUIDE TO ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION. The utility’s ground is to make their system work. 2017/2018. Note that only the right bus was used. For all other installations, the service disconnecting means shall have a rating of not less than 60 amperes. Service-drop conductors passing over a roof shall be securely supported by substantial structures. University. 2.30.4.1 Number of Service-Entrance Conductor Sets. 33 1. Contacts – Allow current when touching and break the current when moved apart. Our house plan called for four lighting circuits, eight outlet circuits and two circuits for our two split air conditioning units. Exception: The grounded conductor of a multiconductor cable shall be permitted to be bare. This can be in the form of grounding pipes or rods. The house can look pretty massacred before the thick finishing coat covers all construction sins. (b) Minimum Size. If you use a double-pole breaker you connect to both buses and get a 240v circuit. If this lamp had the metal parts connected to a grounded outlet, the breaker or GFI would trip. 2: This added protective equipment at the service equipment may make it necessary to review the overall wiring system for proper selective overcurrent protection coordination. The wires on the left provide power to the meter, the black load wire on the right goes back up the pole and connects to the duplex utility feed or “drop” which connects to the house wiring at the weather head. The Philippine 230v two wire system is called a multi-ground system because it depends on a distribution ground provided by the utility company and a protective ground at each panel box. This will provide a path from the panel box for the circuits in the ceiling, mainly light fixtures and ceiling fans. We cut the links on the handles and wired up our panel box. The silver protrusions are the tops of recessed lighting. We have a ground (earth) provided by the homeowner. FPN: For clearances of conductors of over 600 volts, nominal, see ANSI C2-2002, National Electrical Safety Code. the applicable provisions of the latest edition of the philippine electrical code (pec). The isolating switch shall be accessible to licensed electrical practitioner or non licensed electrical practitioner under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner only. Looking at how things were done when we built our Philippine house may help other considering house building in the Philippines to get an idea how things are done here. Exception No. The test shall be conducted in accordance with instructions that shall be provided with the equipment. We found this out the hard way when we had a total short in one of our circuits and the 20 amp breaker did not trip, but instead melted a #12 AWG wire. 2.30.4.11 Protection of Open Conductors and Cables Against Damage - Above Ground. We have not seen Siemens or Square D or C-H breakers. Actuator mechanism – forces the contacts together or apart. So, we bonded the two panel box busses together and made them both hot with 230v. 1: For motor-starting currents, ratings that conform Energized parts that are not enclosed shall be installed on a switchboard, panelboard, or control board and guarded in accordance with 1.10.1.18 and 1.10.2.2. Popular Posts House Wiring Quotation Pdf. 2.30.6 Service Equipment — Disconnecting Means. Sometimes proper polarity is not maintained in the wiring. The breakers for the U.S. are generally rated at 120-240v. They will even sell one piece according to their listing… I’m planning to order a couple of samples for use in my upcoming home building project “… 1: Grounding conductors and bonding jumpers. Since we had a plug-in type of panel box for which single-pole breakers are not available, we had no choice but to wire our plug-in style panel box, as many local electricians do, using double-pole breakers. FPN No. While the neutral line may be (or may not be) grounded at the base of the utility pole, it is essential that the residence have its own grounding system. If you are using stranded wire and on a budget, Royu makes a low cost outlet (WD922 and WH922) with screw terminals which works quite well with both solid and stranded wire. Most breakers are designed so they can still trip even if the lever is held or locked in the “on” position. The two have to be spliced together at the weather head. This panel of switches controls all outdoor lighting; front and rear gate lights, lights at each corner of the house, and sodium vapor lights in the garage (three way) and yard. FPN: See 4.8.3.7(a) for service equipment in panelboards, and see 4.30.8.4 for service equipment in motor control centers. In a 120-240v three wire system, the two main buses each carry 120v. We are home owners, not electricians or electrical engineers. Single-pole GE breakers are available for bolt-in panel boxes. 2.30.8.7 Overcurrent Devices as Disconnecting Means. Sec. (a) Location. Utility boxes which will contain switches are half buried in the hollow block wall. Although the polarity of the two conductors is correct, you will get a vicious shock if you touch this lamp because one of the load wires is frayed and touches the brass case. This was just a photo to show the Meiji receptacle. Installation..... 70–231 III. It’s a general rule that neutral lines should not be switched or fused. Exception No. The main feed cable does not go directly to the panel box. (b) Marking. Exception No. Therefore, we do not recommend bringing breakers from the U.S. It’s best to hire an electrical engineer to do your plan (you will need it for your building permit), and have good electricians to do the work. It should have been 32mm or 1¼”. The barefoot retiree on a tile floor makes an excellent ground! Again, from the fact that there is only one load wire, we can guess that we have a two wire 230 v. system. This is an expensive option, possibly more expensive than buying new 230v appliances. 3: Where the voltage between conductors does not exceed 300, a reduction in clearance above only the overhanging portion of the roof to not less than 450 mm shall be permitted if (1) not more than 1 800 mm of service-drop conductors, 1 200 mm horizontally, pass above the roof overhang, and (2) they are terminated at a through-the-roof raceway or approved support. Overcurrent devices shall conform to 2.30.8.9(a) and (b). For that reason, the ground wire is more of a fig leaf than a real solution. We took out the link we had installed connecting the two panel box bus bars and bought new double-pole breakers. Three of the outlet circuits are dedicated circuits as required by the electrical code, one for the refrigerator, one for the water pump and one for the washing machine. A wide variety of electrical standards options are available to you, such as metal. What was the point in “protecting” the neutral side of the circuit, we asked ourselves? These electrical conduits were buried in the concrete floor. This simple model is appropriate for DC systems but does not work for an AC system because the flow of the power is continually reversing direction with a frequency of 50 or 60 times per second. They shall be permitted for over 600 volts, nominal, where specifically permitted elsewhere in … 5: Overload protection for 120/240-volt, 3-wire, single-phase dwelling services shall be permitted in accordance with the requirements of 3.10.1.15(b)(6). national electrical code of the philippines 2012 pdf 2, conductors are suitable for use in wet or dry locations.The National Electrical Code NEC, or NFPA 70, is a regionally adoptable standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the United. The electricity sector in the Philippines provides electricity through power generation, transmission, and distribution to many parts of the Philippines. There are 17 electrical standards suppliers, mainly located in Asia. Cable overcrowded in conduit can overheat. (a) Voltage. In no case shall the provisions of Part 2.30.8 apply to equipment on the supply side of the service point. United States of America. (c) Service Heads and Goosenecks Above Service-Drop Attachment. The buses on the plug-in panel boxes have a zig-zag type of arrangement which works well if your two buses are hot and you have separate neutral and ground busses – such as in the U.S. or in Manila or other Philippine cities. To prevent the entrance of moisture, service-entrance conductors shall be connected to the service-drop conductors either (1) below the level of the service head or (2) below the level of the termination of the service-entrance cable sheath. We were able to buy a very nice brass ground bus to add to the panel box. 3: Circuits for load management devices shall be permitted to be connected on the supply side of the service overcurrent device where separately provided with overcurrent protection. The metal parts of these appliances either have no ground (earth) connection and/or the neutral is not properly grounded. However there are some big differences in materials and techniques between the USA, Europe, the U.K. and the Philippines. Stranded wire has a larger diameter than solid wire of the same capacity and therefore will not fit properly into most outlets and switches. Multiconductor cable shall not be smaller than 8.0 mm 2 (3.2 mm dia.). Fortunately, the widely available and excellent Panasonic Wide Series switches and outlets are designated for and work well with stranded wire. Romex-type (NM) cable (several conductors enclosed in a integral plastic sheath)  is available, but not generally used. Individual meter socket enclosures shall not be considered service equipment. It’s easy to do before the concrete is poured and very difficult afterwards. A fuse rated in continuous amperes not to exceed three times the ampacity of the conductor, or a circuit breaker with a trip setting of not more than six times the ampacity of the conductors, shall be considered as providing the required short- circuit protection. See Mike Holt’s discussion at http://www.mikeholt.com/mojonewsarchive/GB-HTML/HTML/Neutral-to-GroundConnections~20020521.htm, Appliance cord with unpolarized plug and ground lead. GROUNDING. Inside a circuit breaker (Wikipedia) This is a European DIN mount breaker. 2.30.4.10 Protection Against Physical Damage — Underground. Underground service-entrance conductors shall be protected against physical damage in accordance with 3.0.1.5. GROUND FAULT INTERRUPTER CIRCUITS (GFI) also called Residual Current Devices (RCD). We wired our branch circuits using stranded 12 AWG (3.5mm²) THHN conductors for the load and neutral wires and 14 AWG (2.0mm²) for the ground wire. Step down transformers generate heat and waste power, but are quite popular in the Philippines and available in almost all hardware stores. Exception: Conductors run above the top level of a window shall be permitted to be less than the 900 mm requirement. Calibration screw – allows the manufacturer to precisely adjust the trip current of the device after assembly. 2.30.5.1 Service Equipment — Enclosed or Guarded. The 2 #10 AWG wires bond the ground bar to incoming neutral utility conductor at the knife switch. 2 only, underground sets of conductors, 50 mm2 and larger, running to the same location and connected together at their supply end but not connected together at their load end shall be considered to be supplying one service. Each service disconnect shall be permanently marked to identify it as a service disconnect. There is no right answer to the question about bringing appliances from the U.S. to the Philippines. Where practicable, such supports shall be independent of the building. This is not a how-to guide, it’s a description of our experiences. (c) One-Family Dwelling. 2.30.4.17 Service Conductor with the Higher Voltage to Ground. Exhaust Fan Wiring … If a switch and fuse combination is used, the fuses employed shall be capable of interrupting any current higher than the interrupting capacity of the switch during a time that the ground-fault protective system will not cause the switch to open. Service cables shall be equipped with a raintight service head. 2.30.7.6 Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment. Now to follow the wiring from this point to the panel or circuit breaker box. You’ll pay more this way. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Philippines & Other countries: IEC Standard 60364. Generally we don’t use it, but can if we feel the need. Perhaps we’ll gradually replace these switches at some point. Regardless of the voltage of the electrical system, the electrical continuity of non– current-carrying metal parts of equipment, raceways, and other enclosures in any hazardous (classified) location as defined in Article 500 shall be ensured by any of the methods specified in 2.50.5.3(b)(2) through (b)(4) that are approved for the wiring method used. Where exposed to the weather, raceways enclosing service-entrance conductors shall be raintight and arranged to drain. Wiring and Protection/Article 2.80 - Surge Arresters, PEC:Philippine Electrical Code 2009 Part 1/Chapter 2. This article covers service conductors and equipment for control and protection of services and their installation requirements. Service-lateral conductors entering a building shall be installed in accordance with 2.30.1.6 or protected by a raceway wiring method identified in 2.30.4.4. Where embedded in masonry, raceways shall be arranged to drain. The ground-fault protection system shall operate to On the three wire systems, the electricians must install a panel box using double-pole breakers. (b) Additional Service Disconnecting Means. One final note. Exception: One of the two to six service disconnecting means permitted in 2.30.6.2, where used only for a water pump also intended to provide fire protection, shall be permitted to be located remote from the other disconnecting means. It plugs into a 230 volt receptacle and provides 120 volt power. Wiring methods specified in Chapter 3 shall be used for 600 volts, nominal, or less where not specifically limited in some section of Chapter 3. We used individual load, neutral and ground wires of THHN (Thermoplastic High Heat-resistant Nylon-coated) wire in conduit, which is similar to what is used in commercial installations in the U.S. would be supplied in the U.S. All small and large appliances sold in the Philippines are designed to use 240 VAC, 60C. Service-entrance conductors shall be installed by one of the wiring methods covered in 3.0.2.7 and 3.0.2.20. It seems likely that the American-style 120 / 240  VAC 60 cycle used in Manila may have been the result of the fact that electrical systems in Philippine cities were expanded during the American occupation of the Philippines between 1899 and WWII. Exception: The requirement for maintaining the vertical clearance 900 mm from the edge of the roof shall not apply to the final conductor span where the service drop is attached to the side of a building. Taped with a self-sealing weather-resistant thermoplastic marked to indicate the load wires and neutral buses are reversed the. And 3.0.2.20 in 2.30.4.11 ( a ) or ( b ) ( 1 ) the information instructions... Additional installations of ground-fault protective equipment may be areas around the big former military... Third ) wire because few houses have grounded outlets occupant ’ s easy to do the! 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