However; We use must when we talk about a strong possibility based on facts referring to the past. Police have to arrest the criminals as soon as possible. Couldn’t Have … That said, must have been is used when you see some clear evidence and are sure that the thing you are going to talk about has actually happened, but you are still not 100% sure. In the negative form, must expresses a strict prohibition: You mustn’t smoke here. She must have … is unnecessary, use need not, not must not. Here are some examples: I might have been too harsh when I got angry with the children. Past That must have been Peter calling. Examples: Must Have + Past P. My mother has arrived late. I may have missed the opportunity of a lifetime. Must Have Done (V3) Modal "must" has a meaning of necessity, many think that "must have V3" has the same meaning as "should have V3". It’s really bad for my health. / That mustn't be Peter calling. Could Have + Past P. I’m sorry but, You could have played better. For Example: I saw Cynthia crying a few minutes ago. Might Have + Past P. Alex may have taken the wrong train. May Have + Past P. We may have passed the math exam, but it was in French. We use "must have", "can't have" and "might have" in the same way as the present perfect - the action we are describing happened, or did not happen, in the past and is still true in the present. Criminals must be life-sentenced. / That mustn't have been Peter calling. Here are some examples of 'must' in its forms and functions. The use of must, must not (mustn't) and need not (needn't). "She must have left the house by now; it’s nearly 11 o'clock." There is no ending with he/she/it. Additionally, must expresses the speaker’s feelings, whereas have to expresses, above all, an impersonal idea. B: They must have left already. In fact, to create the interrogative form of “must”, all we have to do is invert the subject and “must” and our interrogative is formed. She must have been in a traffic jam. "must have": we believe the action definitely happened. I must stop smoking. People use "must have" when they have a pretty strong reason or evidence for thinking something. I must play football. (The negation of must means not allowed to.). I need not play football. must-have: [noun] something that is essential to have or obtain. In English, “must” is used when we are talking about obligations. Unlike other verbs in English which usually adopt the verb “to do” as an auxiliary, “must” does not. Explanation of the English phrase "(something) must have (done something)": You can make guesses about things that happened in the past with the phrase "must have ___": A: Where are Deanna and Jun? For example, should a team have too many potential epics (i.e., high-level stories) for the next release of their product, they could use the MoSCoW method to select which epics are Must have, which Should have, and so on; the minimum viable product (or MVP) would be all those epics marked as Must have. = I have to play football.. 1. See examples of Must have in English. Notice how it changes depending on present, past and future time. For example: I have to pay the bills because my wife is ill. The modals must, must not and need not have the same form regardless the subject. I might have accidentally picked up your keys instead of mine. Be that must have been or any other phrase in the English language. Certainty. ; I went to meet the doctor, but he was not at the clinic. The receptionist said, “You have to wait, the doctor must be on the way.”; You must take a stand for yourself, or else you have to follow others command. Real sentences showing how to use Must have correctly. 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